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Fasciola gigantica causes outbreaks in tropical areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.The geographical distribution of F. gigantica overlaps with F. hepatica in many African and Asian countries and sometimes in the same country, although in such cases, the ecological requirement of the flukes and their snail hosts are distinct.
Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes. There are three species within the genus Fasciola: Fasciola nyanzae, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are known to form hybrids.
The life cycle of F. magna is relatively complex and is similar to the development of the related fluke, F. hepatica. A detailed account of the F. magna life cycle was given by Swales (1935), Erhardová-Kotrlá (1971), and reviewed by Pybus (2001). [1] [2] [4] The cercariae of F. magna shed from the snail.
The adult flukes (Fasciola hepatica: up to 30 mm by 13 mm; F. gigantica: up to 75 mm) reside in the large biliary ducts of the mammalian host. Fasciola hepatica infects various animal species, mostly herbivores. [27] Fasciolosis is caused by two digenetic trematodes F. hepatica and F. gigantica.
Adult trematodes of Fasciolidae range in length from 2 cm, for species of Parafasciolopsis, and 10 cm, for species such as Fasciola gigantica. The oral and ventral suckers are usually located. the cercariae are of a gymnocephalic shape.
Fasciola hepatica is one of the largest flukes of the world, reaching a length of 30 mm and a width of 13 mm (Fasciola gigantica, though, is even bigger and can reach up to 75 mm). [16] It is leaf-shaped, pointed at the back (posteriorly), and wide in the front (anteriorly).
Radix auricularia is the most important intermediate host for Fasciola gigantica. [15] as an intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica in Oman. [15] Notocotylus attenuatus [39] As a paratenic host for: Hymenolepis lanceolata [40] As a host for: Trichobilharzia franki [35] [41] Trichobilharzia ocellata [42] Trichobilharzia szidati [43 ...
This species has been found to be an intermediate host of both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. [4] Overall, rates of snail infection vary between 10% and 40%. [4] The highest infection rate was found to be in summer and this may be a factor responsible for lowering snail density in this season. [4] Parasites of Radix natalensis include: