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The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdū Lashkari Zaban ("Battalionese language") title in Nastaliq script.. The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at making Urdu (the standardized register of the Hindustani language) the universal lingua-franca and symbol of the cultural and political identity of the Muslim communities of the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj.
The Urdu Defence Association was an organisation developed by Mohsin-ul-Mulk, starting in 1900, for the advocacy of Urdu as the lingua franca of the Muslim community of India. The association is regarded as an offshoot of the Aligarh Movement .
The Urdu language was used in the emergence of a political Muslim self-consciousness. [37] Syed Ahmed Khan converted the existing cultural and religious entity among Indian Muslims into a separatist political force, throwing a Western cloak of nationalism over the Islamic concept of culture.
Literature written in Hindi-Urdu was not common prior to the 1700s. [14] In North India, rich literary cultures existed in Awadhi and Brajbhasha, with earliest Awadhi texts dating to the 14th century. [15] In Delhi, poets wrote in Persian, while Rekhta/Hindvi (what is now recognizable as Hindi-Urdu) did not have the same literary recognition. [16]
It influenced a number of other contemporary movements to a great extent that it caused the emergence of other socio-religious movements during the 19th century. The impact of Aligarh Movement was not confined to the Northern India only, but its expansion could be seen on the other regions of the Indian sub-continent during the 20th century. [76]
Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu (Urdu: اَنْجُمَنِ تَرَقِیِ اُرْدُوْ; Organisation for the Progress of Urdu) was an organisation working for the promotion and dissemination of Urdu language, literature and culture in British India.
Map showing the Muslim population based on percentage in India, 1909. The two-nation theory was an ideology of religious nationalism that advocated Muslim Indian nationhood, with separate homelands for Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus within a decolonised British India, which ultimately led to the partition of India in 1947. [1]
[46] [48] While Sir Syed shared the desire for religious forms in India with the Mujahidin movement, he was opposed to the Indian Wahhabi movement. [49] During his formative years in Delhi he came in contact with Ghalib and Zauq whose exquisite style of prose and poetry influenced Sir Syed's style of writing. [50]