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  2. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate ...

  3. Detergent enzymes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent_enzymes

    As a result, it was thought that laundry enzymes have the potential to increase the likelihood of getting occupational type 1 allergic responses. [10] However, a large-scale skin prick test (SPT) containing 15,765 volunteers with 8 different types of detergent enzymes found that the allergy reaction is extremely rare among the public, with only ...

  4. Phosphates in detergent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphates_in_detergent

    The advantage of using phosphates in a consumer laundry detergent or dishwashing detergent is that they make detergents more efficient by chelating calcium and magnesium ions. [1] The disadvantage of using phosphates is that they remain in wastewater and eventually make their way to a natural body of water. [ 1 ]

  5. Detergent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent

    Detergents. A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. [1] There are a large variety of detergents. A common family is the alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble than soap in hard water, because the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind to calcium and other ...

  6. Melt and pour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_and_pour

    As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in common with candle making using meltable wax which, using a similar process, can be scented, dyed, and shaped on a small or large scale of production. Other processes used by soapers are cold process, hot ...

  7. Total fatty matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fatty_matter

    Total fatty matter (TFM) is one of the most important characteristics describing the quality of soap and is always specified in commercial transactions. It is defined as the total amount of fatty matter, mostly fatty acids, that can be separated from a sample after splitting with a mineral acid, usually hydrochloric acid.

  8. Pears (soap) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pears_(soap)

    Pears soap was made using a process entirely different from other soaps. A mixture of tallow and other fats was saponified by an alkali.This is currently caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) since the ingredients list shows sodium salts of fatty acids, but a chemist reports that in the 1960s, caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) was used.

  9. Fabric treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabric_treatment

    For grease stain, soap the stain with the work liquid dish soap and a clean cloth. Then wash it with hot water. [16] For Ink stain, wash the stain with stain remover and wash it in the laundry. Apply alcohol on the stain surrounded area before using the solvent to the stain. Then wash it in the laundry and rinse it. [16]

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