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Napoleon signs his abdication at Fontainebleau on April 4, 1814. Painting by François Bouchot (1843).. Napoleon I's first abdication was a moment in French history when, in April 1814, the French emperor Napoleon I was forced to relinquish power following his military defeat in the French campaign and his allies’ invasion.
However, following defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon's support from the French public and his own army waned, including by General Ney, who believed that Paris would fall if Napoleon remained in power. Napoleon's brother Lucien and Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout advised him to continue fighting, dissolve the Chamber of Deputies from Louis XVIII's ...
The Peninsular war proved a major disaster for France. Napoleon did well when he was in direct charge, but severe losses followed his departure, as he severely underestimated how much manpower would be needed. The effort in Spain was a drain on money, manpower and prestige. Historian David Gates called it the "Spanish ulcer".
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
The military career of Napoleon spanned over 20 years. He led French armies in the French Revolutionary Wars and later, as emperor , in the Napoleonic Wars . Despite his rich war-winning record, Napoleon 's military career ended in defeat.
The Battle of Leipzig, [e] also known as the Battle of the Nations, [f] was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony.The Coalition armies of Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia, led by Tsar Alexander I and Karl von Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the Grande Armée of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
Napoleon immediately summoned a Cabinet Council. He frankly explained to his ministers the critical state of affairs; but, at the same time, with his usual confidence in his own resources, declared his conviction, that if the nation were called upon to rise en masse, the annihilation of the enemy would follow; but that if, instead of ordering new levies and adopting extraordinary measures, the ...
The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]), [4] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).