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[5]: 394 It has also been known as pickling in the context of wrought iron and steel. [11] Parkerizing is commonly used on firearms as a more effective alternative to bluing, which is an earlier-developed chemical conversion coating. It is also used extensively on automobiles to protect unfinished metal parts from corrosion.
The most common conversion coating processes for metal parts with industrial use include Chromate (aluminum, steel) Phosphate (steel) Bluing (steel) Black oxide (steel) Anodizing (aluminum) Stannate (magnesium) [5] Molybdate (zinc, zinc-nickel) [6] [7] Zirconate (steel, aluminum, magnesium, galvanized steel). [1] [8] [9] Titanate (steel ...
This is the most common use for galvanized metal; hundreds of thousands of tons of steel products are galvanized annually worldwide. In developed countries, most larger cities have several galvanizing factories, and many items of steel manufacture are galvanized for protection.
The paste consists of a lower nobility metal than aluminium or copper. Choose metals that have similar electropotentials. The more closely matched the individual potentials, the smaller the potential difference and hence the smaller the galvanic current. Using the same metal for all construction is the easiest way of matching potentials.
The structure of the gel depends on metal ion concentration, pH, and other ingredients of the solution, such as chelating agents and counterions. [2] The gel film contracts as it dries, compressing the skeleton and causing it to stiffen. Eventually shrinkage stops, and further drying leaves the pores open but dry, turning the film into a xerogel.
Bethanization was applied to outdoor mesh-wire fence by the Bethlehem Steel company in the 1930s. By coating wire with purer zinc, the wire is no longer contaminated with iron unlike previous processes such as galvanization, which the company claims gives wire more durability while still retaining ductility, and also be resistant to sulfur gases that are present in Earth's atmosphere. [5]
The test differed from the ASTM B117 insofar as the galvanized automotive steel panels were not entirely exposed to the salt spray. Instead, only the bare steel exposed by a 12-inch scratch at one end of the panel was exposed to the salt spray while the remainder of the panel was kept in a completely dry condition. [53]
Galvanized fumes are released when the galvanized metal reaches a certain temperature. This temperature varies by the galvanization process used. In long-term, continuous exposure, the recommended maximum temperature for hot-dip galvanized steel is 200 °C (392 °F), according to the American Galvanizers Association.
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