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Historically speaking, the alliance and the open status group, whether war band or religious sect, dominated medieval and early modern Indian history in a way descent and caste did not." [ 130 ] Adi Purana , an 8th-century text of Jainism by Jinasena , is the first mention of varna and jati in Jain literature . [ 131 ]
Its roots lie in South Asia's ancient history and it still exists; [1] [5] however, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanisation and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical ...
Practically, it is an institution that portends tremendous consequences. It is a local problem, but one capable of much wider mischief, for "as long as caste in India does exist, Hindus will hardly intermarry or have any social intercourse with outsiders; and if Hindus migrate to other regions on earth, Indian caste would become a world problem ...
In real life, many casta individuals were assigned different racial categories in different documents, revealing the malleable nature of racial identity in colonial, Spanish American society. [ 55 ] Some paintings depicted the supposed "innate" character and quality of people because of their birth and ethnic origin.
Other Backward Classes (OBC) (about 41.0% of the population) [35] Scheduled Castes (about 19.7% of the population) [35] Scheduled Tribes (about 8.5% of the population) [35] The Indian Muslims (14.2%), and Christians (2.3%) often function as castes. Official lists are compiled by states recognizing the OBC, Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled ...
British and Indian officers of the 1st Brahmans, 1912.. Martial race was a designation which was created by army officials in British India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, in which they classified each caste as belonging to one of two categories, the 'martial' caste and the 'non-martial' caste.
[4] [5] Traditionally, the groups characterized as untouchable were those whose occupations and habits of life involved ritually "polluting" activities, such as pursuing a career based on killing (e.g. fishermen) or engaging in common contact with others' feces or sweat (e.g. manual scavengers, sweepers and washermen).
[72] [71] The chietain is the overlord during times of war, and receives tribute and taxes from tribes as a sign of their submission to his authority. [ 74 ] The vassal-herdsmen are the second free strata within Tuareg society, occupying a position just below that of the nobles. [ 75 ]