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A Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and protons from one atom to another. The term was originally coined for single proton, single electron processes that are concerted, [1] but the definition has relaxed to include many related processes.
The other area in which Nocera is considered a pioneer is proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). While he did not originate the idea that electron transfer and proton transfer could be studied as coupled processes, he published one of the foundational papers demonstrating a model for such study in 1992.
An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
Elementary steps like proton coupled electron transfer and the movement of electrons between an electrode and substrate are special to electrochemical processes. . Electrochemical mechanisms are important to all redox chemistry including corrosion, redox active photochemistry including photosynthesis, other biological systems often involving electron transport chains and other forms of ...
In studying proton, electron and proton coupled electron transfer, Hammes-Schiffer has formulated a general theory of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions that explains the behavior of protons in energy conversion processes. [2] [6] [7] Her research has enhanced the understanding of hydrogen tunneling and protein motion in enzyme catalysis.
In heterogeneous electron transfer, an electron moves between a chemical species present in solution and the surface of a solid such as a semi-conducting material or an electrode. Theories addressing heterogeneous electron transfer have applications in electrochemistry and the design of solar cells.
In most cases the proton-motive force is generated by an electron transport chain which acts as a proton pump, using the Gibbs free energy of redox reactions to pump protons (hydrogen ions) out across the membrane, separating the charge across the membrane. In mitochondria, energy released by the electron transport chain is used to move protons ...
The entity removing the hydrogen atom, known as the abstractor (X•), is often a radical itself, though in some instances, it may be a species with a closed electron shell, such as chromyl chloride. Hydrogen atom transfer can occur via a mechanism known as proton-coupled electron transfer .