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A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
One of its major applications is as a clinical assessment tool for clinicians to determine the severity of the addictions and the necessity for treatment through probing the patients' conditions in both health and social issues. 7 aspects including medical health, employment/ support status, drug and alcohol use, illegal activity and legal ...
Integrity testing for employment selection became popular during the 1980s. [2] Human Resources personnel found integrity tests were an improvement over polygraph tests. Polygraph tests were no longer able to be used for screening of most future employees in the United States due to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 (EPPA). [2]
For drug use specifically, studies show that more than half of high school seniors have used an illegal drug of any kind and a fourth have used illegal drugs other than marijuana. [7] [8] In addition, more than two-thirds of high school seniors, half of sophomores, and a third of eighth graders have used alcohol in the past year. [8]
Employment testing is the practice of administering written, oral, or other tests as a means of determining the suitability or desirability of a job applicant. The premise is that if scores on a test correlate with job performance , then it is economically useful for the employer to select employees based on scores from that test.
Post-mortem hair sample analysis can also be performed, to allow for determination of long-term drug use or poisoning. [5] It is also used by employers, who test their employees. [6] Hair analysis has the virtue of showing a 'history' of drug use due to hair's slow growth.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-item questionnaire approved by the World Health Organization to screen patients for hazardous (risky) and harmful alcohol consumption. It was developed from a WHO multi-country collaborative study, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] the items being selected for the AUDIT being the best performing of ...
Breath Alcohol Test: The arresting officer reviews the subject's breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) test results and determines if the subject's apparent impairment is consistent with the subject's BrAC. If so, the officer will not normally call a DRE. If the impairment is not explained by the BrAC, the officer requests a DRE evaluation.