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The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) was an industry consortium of computer hardware manufacturers from 1989 to 2009. Starting with the PCMCIA card in 1990 (the name later simplified to PC Card ), it created various standards for peripheral interfaces designed for laptop computers.
As PC Cards (was PCMCIA), Linear Flash cards should have a Card Information Structure (CIS). However, many memory cards do not have a CIS. However, many memory cards do not have a CIS. Linear Flash cards begin to develop bad blocks after about 100,000 erase/write cycles and thus are of dubious value on the second-hand market.
SanDisk (operating at the time as "SunDisk") launched its PCMCIA card in October 1992. The company was the first to introduce a writeable Flash RAM card for the HP 95LX (an early MS-DOS pocket computer). These cards conformed to a supplemental PCMCIA-ATA standard that allowed them to appear as more conventional IDE hard drives to the 95LX or a PC.
PCMCIA ATA Type I Card (PC Card ATA Type I) PCMCIA Type II, Type III cards; CompactFlash Card (Type I), CompactFlash High-Speed; CompactFlash Type II, CF+(CF2.0), CF3.0 Microdrive; CFexpress; MiniCard (Miniature Card) (max 64 MB / 64 MiB) SmartMedia Card (SSFDC) (max 128 MB) (3.3 V,5 V) xD-Picture Card, xD-Picture Card Type M
CompactFlash IDE (ATA) emulation speed is usually specified in "x" ratings, e.g. 8x, 20x, 133x. This is the same system used for CD-ROMs and indicates the maximum transfer rate in the form of a multiplier based on the original audio CD data transfer rate, which is 150 kB/s.
Card family Standards organizations Varieties Entry date Maximum commercially available capacity Picture [1] Main features CompactFlash: SanDisk: I 1994 512 GB (CF5 128*2 50 bytes) Thinner (3.3 mm), flash only, now up to 512 GB, although standard goes up to 128 PB since CF 5.0 [2] II Thicker (5.0 mm), older flash, but usually Microdrives, up to ...
Version 4.0 corresponds with 68-pin PCMCIA 1.0 (1990). [8] Version 4.1 unified the PCMCIA and JEIDA standards as PCMCIA 2.0. v4.1 is the 16-bit PC Card standard that defines Type I, II, III, and IV card sizes. Version 4.2 is the PCMCIA 2.1 standard, and introduced CardBus' 32-bit interface in an almost physically identical casing.
P2 (P2 is a short form for "Professional Plug-In") is a professional digital recording solid-state memory storage media format introduced by Panasonic in 2004. The P2 card is essentially a RAID of Secure Digital (SD) memory cards with an LSI controller tightly packaged in a die-cast PC Card (formerly PCMCIA) enclosure.