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Flavius Josephus (c. 37–100 CE), the Romanized Jewish historian, describes Antigonus II Mattathias (c. 63–37 BCE) denigrating Herod—whose father's family were Idumean Arabs forcibly converted to Judaism by John Hyrcanus [68] and whose mother, according to Josephus, was non-Jewish (either an Idumean Arab [69] or Arabian (Nabatean-Arab) [70 ...
A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, and there is some dispute over the number of basic principles. Rabbi Joseph Albo , for instance, in Sefer Ha-Ikkarim ( c. 1425 CE ) counts three principles of faith, while Maimonides (1138–1204) lists thirteen.
Symbol Image History and usage Star of David: The Star of David, a symbol of Judaism as a religion, and of the Jewish people as a whole. [1] It also thought to be the shield (or at least the emblem on it) of King David. Jewish lore links the symbol to the "Seal of Solomon", the magical signet ring used by King Solomon to control demons and ...
The matriarchs, also known as "the four mothers" (ארבע האמהות), are: [9] Sarah, the wife of Abraham; Rebekah, the wife of Isaac; Leah and Rachel, the wives of Jacob; Secondary matriarchs: Some Jewish sources list Bilhah and Zilpah (Jacob's concubines) as additional matriarchs, for a total of six matriarchs.
Judaism (Hebrew: יַהֲדוּת , romanized: Yahăḏūṯ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of observing the Mosaic covenant, which was established between God and the Israelites, their ...
It is the essential component of Jewish services, and is the only service that the Talmud calls prayer. It is said three times a day (four times on Sabbaths and holidays, and five times on Yom Kippur). The source for the Amida is either as a parallel to the sacrifices in the Temple, or in honor of the Jewish forefathers.
The Mishnah and the Tosefta (compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200) are the earliest extant works of rabbinic literature, expounding and developing Judaism's Oral Law, as well as ethical teachings. Following these came the two Talmuds: The Jerusalem Talmud, c. 450; The Babylonian Talmud, c. 600
However, whereas according to the Thirteen Principles of Faith of Orthodox Judaism, the halakha contains a core reflecting a direct Divine revelation that represents God's final and unalterable word to the Jewish people on these matters, Conservative Judaism does not necessarily consider portions of the halakha, and even Biblical law, as a ...