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DNA oxidation is the process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid. As described in detail by Burrows et al., [ 1 ] 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common oxidative lesion observed in duplex DNA because guanine has a lower one-electron reduction potential than the other nucleosides in DNA.
As with most lanthanides and actinides, actinium exists in the oxidation state +3, and the Ac 3+ ions are colorless in solutions. [25] The oxidation state +3 originates from the [Rn] 6d 1 7s 2 electronic configuration of actinium, with three valence electrons that are easily donated to give the stable closed-shell structure of the noble gas ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation. The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of H2A , H2B , H3 and H4 core histones, and DNA. The view is from the top through the superhelical axis. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the ...
Actinium (III) oxide is a chemical compound containing the rare radioactive element actinium. It has the formula Ac 2 O 3. It is similar to its corresponding lanthanum compound, lanthanum (III) oxide, and contains actinium in the oxidation state +3. [2][3] Actinium oxide is not to be confused with Ac 2 O (acetic anhydride), where Ac is an ...
Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotide synthesis is an anabolic mechanism generally involving the ...
DNA damage resulting in multiple broken chromosomes. DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. [ 1 ] In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of ...
Oxidation response is stimulated by a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, known as oxidative stress. Active species of oxygen naturally occur in aerobic cells and have both intracellular and extracellular sources. These species, if not controlled, damage all components of the ...
Base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism, studied in the fields of biochemistry and genetics, that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle. It is responsible primarily for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome. The related nucleotide excision repair pathway repairs bulky helix-distorting lesions.