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Smog, or smoke fog, is a type of intense air pollution. The word "smog" was coined in the early 20th century, and is a portmanteau of the words smoke and fog [ 1 ] to refer to smoky fog due to its opacity, and odor. [ 2 ] The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known as pea soup fog, a familiar and serious problem in London ...
Ground-level ozone. Seasonal average vertical columns of tropospheric ozone in Dobson units over the period 1979 to 2000. In June to August, photochemical ozone production causes very high concentrations over the East Coast of the US and China. Ground-level ozone (O3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in ...
e. Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. [ 1 ] It is also the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment either by chemical, physical, or biological ...
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, [1] or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern ...
Ozone is similarly formed in the Catatumbo lightning storms phenomenon on the Catatumbo River in Venezuela, though ozone's instability makes it dubious that it has any effect on the ozonosphere. [140] It is the world's largest single natural generator of ozone, lending calls for it to be designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [141]
The main fossil fuels (from top to bottom): natural gas, oil, and coal. A fossil fuel[ a ] is a carbon compound - or hydrocarbon -containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, [ 2 ] formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons), a process that occurs within geological ...
The smoke kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products. Smoke is an aerosol (or mist) of solid particles and liquid droplets that are close to the ideal range of sizes for Mie scattering of visible light.
Ozone depletion is not a primary cause of climate change, however there exists a physical science connection between the two phenomena. The Earth's atmospheric ozone has two major effects on the Earth's temperature balance. Firstly, it absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, leading to the heating of the stratosphere.