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The impurities associated with nicotine are not as toxic as nicotine. The health effects of vaping tobacco alkaloids that stem from nicotine impurities in e-liquids is not known. [99]: Minor Tobacco Alkaloids, 193 Nicotine affects practically every cell in the body. [73] The complex effects of nicotine are not entirely understood. [201]
The scientific community in the United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of electronic cigarette use on public health. [1] There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to control tobacco, [2] and serve as a gateway for smoking among youth. [3]
Research on nicotine salts is limited. [3] Possible health risks of persistent inhalation of high levels of nicotine salts are not fully known. [3] " Juul products use nicotine salts, which can lead to much more available nicotine," Principal Deputy Director Dr. Anne Schuchat of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated in September 2019. [4]
The Food and Drug Administration announced Thursday that it has reversed its ban on Juul e-cigarettes while it reviews new court decisions and considers updated information provided by the vape maker.
The FDA denied authorization to market Juul products in the US in 2022. In June 2022, the FDA delivered a serious blow to Juul, denying the company the authorization to market its products in the US.
The Netflix series "Big Vape" tells the story of the once-dominant Juul Labs—but it and the the U.S. vaping industry remains in flux.
In 2015 the psychological and behavioral effects of e-cigarettes were studied using whole-body exposure to e-cigarette aerosol, followed by a series of biochemical and behavioral studies. [17] The results showed that nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosol induces addiction-related neurochemical, physiological and behavioral changes. [17]
Nicotine effect on weight appears to result from nicotine's stimulation of α3β4 nAChR receptors located in the POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and subsequently the melanocortin system, especially the melanocortin-4 receptors on second-order neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, thus modulating feeding inhibition.