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Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
41 of the 118 known elements have names associated with, or specifically named for, places around the world or among astronomical objects. 32 of these have names tied to the places on Earth, and the other nine are named after to Solar System objects: helium for the Sun; tellurium for the Earth; selenium for the Moon; mercury (indirectly), uranium, neptunium and plutonium after their respective ...
Origin of name [1] [2] Group Period Block Standard atomic weight A r °(E) [a] Density [b] [c] Melting point [d] Boiling point [e] Specific heat capacity [f] Electronegativity [g] Abundance in Earth's crust [h] Origin [i] Phase at r.t. [j] Atomic number Z Symbol Name ( g / cm 3 ) (K) ( J / g · K ) ( mg / kg ) 1 H Hydrogen ...
32 of these have names tied to the Earth and the other 10 have names connected to bodies in the Solar System. The first tables below list the terrestrial locations (excluding the entire Earth itself, taken as a whole) and the last table lists astronomical objects which the chemical elements are named after. [1]
Period 2 elements involve the 2s and 2p orbitals. They include the biologically most essential elements besides hydrogen: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Lithium (Li) is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. [8] In its non-ionized state it is one of the most reactive elements, and so is only ever found naturally in compounds.
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Even for elements such as nitrogen having only one stable allotrope, a name such as dinitrogen may be used to indicate its molecular structure N 2 as well as its elemental composition. The naming of chemical compounds comprising more than one element is a complex subject, discussed at length in the article on chemical nomenclature .