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Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a non-malignant tumor defined histologically as inclusions of “osteoclast-like” multinucleated giant cells, hemosiderin, and macrophages. [1] This histology can present one of 2 clinically distinct ways. TGCT tumors often develop from the lining of joints (also known as synovial tissue).
It is a benign, small tumor located in the skin of the distal areas of the legs and, less commonly, the arm; it has occurred mostly in females. EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor was named based on the finding that its tumor cells express a EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion gene. Since its initial description in 2018, a total of 15 cases have been ...
A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a form of cancer of the connective tissue surrounding peripheral nerves. Given its origin and behavior it is classified as a sarcoma . About half the cases are diagnosed in people with neurofibromatosis ; the lifetime risk for an MPNST in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 is 8–13%. [ 2 ]
It is experienced in a number of areas, making the diagnosis challenging, but commonly occurs in the groin, upper buttock/lower back, the buttock or beneath the buttock, side of the affected hip and posterior upper leg. [6] [3] [7] Onset of symptoms has been reported to present in both an acute and more gradual manner. [6]
Although there is no cure, surgery is sometimes used to relieve symptoms. [18] Surgery may be necessary to treat misalignment of the hip (osteotomy of the pelvis or the collum femoris) and, in some cases, malformation (e.g., genu varum or genu valgum). [19] In some cases, total hip replacement may be necessary.
A bone tumor might present with a pathologic fracture. [1] Other symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia and nausea. [2] [3] Sometimes there are no symptoms and the tumour is found when investigating another problem. [2] [3] Diagnosis is generally by X-ray and other radiological tests such as CT scan, MRI, PET scan and bone ...
Benign tumors of bone can be similar macroscopically and require a combination of a clinical history with cytogenetic, molecular, and radiologic tests for diagnosis. [23] Three common forms of benign bone tumors with are giant cell tumor of bone, osteochondroma, and enchondroma; other forms of benign bone tumors exist but may be less prevalent.
Pain in the groin, called anterior hip pain, is most often the result of osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, occult fracture, acute synovitis, and septic arthritis; pain on the sides of the hip, called lateral hip pain, is usually caused by bursitis; pain in the buttock, called posterior or gluteal hip pain, which is the least common type of hip ...