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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 January 2025. Plant species, recreational drug (kratom) Mitragyna speciosa Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Mitragyna Species: M ...
Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and is one of the main psychoactive constituents in the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [4] It is an opioid that is typically consumed as a part of kratom for its pain-relieving and euphoric effects.
Betel nut chewing is addictive and causes adverse health effects, mainly oral and esophageal cancers, and cardiovascular disease. [ 6 ] [ 1 ] When chewed with additional tobacco in its preparation (like in gutka ), there is an even higher risk, especially for oral and oropharyngeal cancers . [ 7 ]
This Sept. 27, 2017 file photo shows kratom capsules in Albany, N.Y. A U.S. government report released Thursday, April 11, 2019 said the herbal supplement was a cause in 91 overdose deaths in 27 ...
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Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an endo position. The exo diastereomer is called isoborneol. ...
The fissured bark is grey to dark red or brown. The flowers are white. The round fruits are green and measure up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The fruits have a garlic smell and are cooked and eaten in Borneo. The tree's durable hard wood is locally used in construction. [2]
The study was repeated with a 14-day exposure and kreteks again did not produce worse health effects than conventional cigarettes. [ 10 ] The eugenol in clove smoke causes a numbing of the throat which can diminish the gag reflex in users, leading researchers to recommend caution for individuals with respiratory infections . [ 11 ]