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In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is usually understood, so that polytheism means 'attributing a partner to God'. In the Quran, shirk and the related word mushrikūn (مشركون)—those who commit shirk and plot against Islam—often refer to the enemies of Islam (as in al-Tawbah verses 9:1–15).
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god. [1] [2] [3] According to Oxford Reference, it is not easy to count gods, and so not always obvious whether an apparently polytheistic religion, such as Chinese Folk Religions, is really so, or whether the apparent different objects of worship are to be thought of as manifestations of a singular divinity. [1]
(literally 'religion') the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslim's faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam. Diyyah (دية) "blood money", recompense for loss of a life. Div (دیو) "demon", hideous creatures in Muslim beliefs. Duʿāʾ (دعاء) personal prayer, supplication
From an Islamic standpoint, there is an uncompromising nondualism at the heart of the Islamic beliefs which is seen as distinguishing Islam from other major religions. [ 9 ] The Quran teaches the existence of a single and absolute truth that transcends the world—a unique, independent and indivisible being who is independent of the entire ...
Muslim sources regarding Arabian polytheism include the eighth-century Book of Idols by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, which F.E. Peters argued to be the most substantial treatment of the religious practices of pre-Islamic Arabia, [10] as well as the writings of the Yemeni historian al-Hasan al-Hamdani on South Arabian religious beliefs. [11]
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims , who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians .
In the pre-Islamic Arabian religion, deities, jinn, angels, and demons are not clearly distinguished and shade into another. [90] [91] Several angels in the Quran function as personified meteorological phenomena, and may root in polytheistic animistic beliefs. [92]
Folk Islam is an umbrella term used to collectively describe forms of Islam that incorporate native folk beliefs and practices. [60] Folk Islam has been described as the Islam of the "urban poor, country people, and tribes", [61] in contrast to orthodox or "high" Islam (Gellner, 1992). [62]