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In heraldry, the cross is also called the Santiago cross or the cruz espada (English: sword cross). [1] It is a charge, or symbol, in the form of a cross.The design combines a cross fitchy or fitchée, one whose lower limb comes to a point, with either a cross fleury, [2] the arms of which end in fleurs-de-lis, or a cross moline where the ends of the arms are forked and rounded.
Jerusalem cross based on a cross potent (as commonly realised in early modern heraldry) The national flag of Georgia The Jerusalem cross (also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant, representing the Four Evangelists and the spread of ...
He also emphasised the view that the forgiveness of sin was a gift from God, not a reward for the suffering endured by the crusader while on crusade. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] It was in the 1213 papal bull called Quia maior that he reached out beyond the noble warrior class, offering all Christians the opportunity to redeem their vows without going on crusade.
The terms Crusader states and Outremer (French: outre-mer, lit. 'overseas') describe the four feudal states established after the First Crusade in the Levant in around 1100: (from north to south) the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The following is an overview of the armies of First Crusade, including the armies of the European noblemen of the "Princes' Crusade", the Byzantine army, a number of Independent crusaders as well as the People's Crusade and the subsequent Crusade of 1101 and other European campaigns prior to the Second Crusade beginning in 1147.
The Cross of Saint George as a rectangular flag.The Cross of Saint George as a square flag. In heraldry, Saint George's Cross (or the Cross of Saint George) is a red cross on a white background, which from the Late Middle Ages became associated with Saint George, the military saint, often depicted as a crusader.
Cross-buy is a feature of some digital distribution systems available across multiple device platforms, where users who purchase a license to a specific piece of software are able to use the versions of the software for different device classes at no additional charge.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.