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The consonant clusters /ht/ and /hk/ were, comprising two obstruents, not originally subject to gradation (as is still the case for similar clusters such as /sp/, /st/, /tk/). However, gradation pairs ht : *hð and hk : *hɣ were at one point introduced. The first of these patterns remains common in modern Finnish, e.g. vahti : vahdit 'guard
A good example for the SSP in English is the one-syllable word trust: The first consonant in the syllable onset is t, which is a stop, the lowest on the sonority scale; next is r, a liquid which is more sonorous, then we have the vowel u / ʌ / – the sonority peak; next, in the syllable coda, is s, a sibilant, and last is another stop, t.
it ends in two consonants or a compound consonant (dant, dux) it ends in a consonant and is followed by a syllable that begins with a consonant (mul-tos; dat sonitum) or; it is the final syllable in a line of verse i.e. brevis in longo, under that hypothesis. Otherwise syllables are counted as short.
Such rules are warnings against common pitfalls for the unwary. Nevertheless, selection among competing correspondences has never been, and could never be, covered by such aids to memory. The converse of the "except after c" part is Carney's spelling-to-sound rule E.16: in the sequence cei , the ei is pronounced /iː/. [29]
Compensatory lengthening in Classical Hebrew and Aramaic is dependent on the class of consonant which follows the prefix (definite article in Hebrew and prefix waw-hahipukh in both languages). E.g. (using the Hebrew definite article [hey with pataḥ plus dagesh in following consonant]): [3] Before ע and א it is usually [hey with qametz].
The second consonant in a complex onset must not be a voiced obstruent (e.g. *zdop does not occur) If the first consonant in a complex onset is not /s/, the second must be a liquid or a glide; Every subsequence contained within a sequence of consonants must obey all the relevant phonotactic rules (the substring principle rule)
This voicing of /f/ is a relic of Old English, at a time when the unvoiced consonants between voiced vowels were 'colored' by an allophonic voicing rule /f/ → [v]. As the language became more analytic and less inflectional, final vowels or syllables stopped being pronounced.
More specific rules take precedence over more general ones, e.g., " c - before e, i, y " takes precedence over " c ". Where the letter combination is described as "word-final", inflectional suffixes may be added without changing the pronunciation, e.g., catalogue s .