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Acute non-fulminant myocarditis has a less distinct onset in contrast to fulminant myocarditis, and evolves over days to months. [16] [17] While the symptoms of acute myocarditis overlap with those of fulminant myocarditis, they do not typically occur at rest, and treatment does not require the use of mechanical circulatory support. [17]
Viral cardiomyopathy occurs when viral infections cause myocarditis with a resulting thickening of the myocardium and dilation of the ventricles. These viruses include Coxsackie B and adenovirus, echoviruses, influenza H1N1, Epstein–Barr virus, rubella (German measles virus), varicella (chickenpox virus), mumps, measles, parvoviruses, yellow fever, dengue fever, polio, rabies, and the ...
Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy and the severity of symptoms. [5] Treatments may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. [5] Surgery may include a ventricular assist device or heart transplant. [5] In 2015 cardiomyopathy and myocarditis affected 2.5 million people. [6]
Myocarditis has been documented at autopsy in 40–52% of patients who died of AIDS before the introduction of HAART. [10] Toxoplasma gondii is the most common opportunistic infectious agent associated with myocarditis in AIDS occurring in 12% of deaths from AIDS 1987-1991 in one autopsy series. [11]
Eosinophilic myocarditis is often viewed as a disorder that has three progressive stages. The first stage of eosinophilic myocarditis involves acute inflammation and cardiac cell necrosis (i.e. areas of dead cells); it is dominated by symptoms characterized as the acute coronary syndrome such as angina, heart attack and/or congestive heart failure.
Nature, 2024, Myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination. MedrXiv, May 20, OpenSAFELY: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents. Thank you for supporting our journalism.
Or, it may be the late sequelae of acute viral myocarditis, such as with Coxsackie B virus and other enteroviruses [14] possibly mediated through an immunologic mechanism. [15] Specific autoantibodies are detectable in some cases. [16] Other causes include: Chagas disease, due to Trypanosoma cruzi.
It is an uncommon cause of unexplained heart failure in infants and children, and is one component of HEC syndrome. Fibroelastosis is strongly seen as a primary cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in children, along with cardiac amyloidosis, which is more commonly seen in progressive multiple myeloma patients and the elderly. [citation needed]