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In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema. The following table lists the standard-conforming values - based on SQL:2011 . [ 1 ] The table's last column shows the part of the standard that defines the row.
The Unicode collation algorithm (UCA) is an algorithm defined in Unicode Technical Report #10, which is a customizable method to produce binary keys from strings representing text in any writing system and language that can be represented with Unicode.
Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order. Many systems of collation are based on numerical order or alphabetical order , or extensions and combinations thereof. Collation is a fundamental element of most office filing systems , library catalogs , and reference books .
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
(This is because a later transaction already depends on the old value.) Otherwise, T i creates a new version of object P and sets the read/write timestamp TS of the new version to the timestamp of the transaction TS ← TS(T i). [2] The drawback to this system is the cost of storing multiple versions of objects in the database.
A method to determine what encoding a system is using internally is to ask for the "length" of string containing a single non-BMP character. If the length is 2 then UTF-16 is being used. 4 indicates UTF-8. 3 or 6 may indicate CESU-8 . 1 may indicate UTF-32, but more likely indicates the language decodes the string to code points before ...
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Punched tape with the word "Wikipedia" encoded in ASCII.Presence and absence of a hole represents 1 and 0, respectively; for example, W is encoded as 1010111.. Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using computers. [1]