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The alcoholic beverage industry in Europe is the source of a quarter of the world’s alcohol and over half of the world's wine production. [1] Trade is even more centered on Europe , with 70% of alcohol exports and just under half of the world's imports involving the European Union (EU).
Wine was an integral part of the Roman diet and winemaking became a precise business. Virtually all of the major wine-producing regions of Western Europe today were established during the Roman Imperial era. During the Roman Empire, social norms began to shift as the production of alcohol increased.
In 1801, Chaptal compiled this knowledge into a treatise Traité théorique et pratique sur la culture de la vigne which included his advocacy of adding sugar to the wine to increase alcohol levels—a process now known as chaptalization. Chaptal's treatise was a turning point in the history of wine technology as it synthesized the knowledge ...
European wines tend to be classified by region (e.g. Bordeaux, Rioja and Chianti), while non-European wines are most often classified by grape (e.g. Pinot noir and Merlot). Market recognition of particular regions has recently been leading to their increased prominence on non-European wine labels.
Countries in Europe in which wine is historically the most popular alcoholic drink, informally known as the wine belt, are located to the south of beer belt and vodka belt. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The wine belt has been variously defined as approximately spanning 41–44°N, [ 31 ] 30–50°N, [ 32 ] and 35–50/51°N.
Alcohol preferences in Europe vary from country to country between beer, wine or spirits. [38] These preferences are traditionally associated with certain regions. Hence, the Central European pattern of alcohol consumption is associated with beer-drinking, the Mediterranean pattern with wine-drinking and the Eastern or Northern European pattern ...
The subsequent wine surplus created by successful efforts to relieve the wine shortage caused a depression in price, and in the medium term, damage to the interests of wine producers and traders. The loss of grain fields now contributed to a food shortage for the growing Roman population.
The culture of the ancient Phoenicians was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine. [1] Phoenicia was a civilization centered in current day Lebanon . Between 1550 BC and 300 BC, the Phoenicians developed a maritime trading culture that expanded their influence from the Levant to North Africa , the Greek Isles ...