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'Cleopatra father-loving goddess'; [note 4] 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. [ note 5 ] A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty , she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter , a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great .
Roman interventionism in Egypt predated the reign of Cleopatra VII; [46] [47] [48] the Romans had long desired to annex the wealthy kingdom. [49] In 168 BC, after the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV invaded Ptolemaic Egypt, he obeyed the demands of the Roman Senate to withdraw and return to Seleucid territory instead of warring with the Roman Republic.
First pharaoh with a full Golden Horus name. Interest and trade with Egypt's North Eastern borders appears to have been renewed during Djer's reign. [36] 41 years, c. 3000 BC [38] Djet [39] Ita Greek form: Ouenephes. Indications show that Djet did not reign for long. [40] 10 years, c. 2980 BC [41] Merneith — Possibly the first female pharaoh ...
Women who were dating their regnal years in royal protocols (alongside their co-rulers or independently) and thus were unquestionable Pharaohs were: [5] Cleopatra II (170-164, 163–127, 124-116 BC) initially Queen consort, then Queen regnant alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy VI, her younger brother (later husband) Ptolemy VIII, her son ...
She was sole ruler of Egypt from 131 BC to 127 BC. Her final reign from 124 BC to 116/5 BC was also spent in coregency with Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. She was the first Ptolemaic queen known for certain to rule in her own right, and thus first confirmed female Pharaoh of Egypt since Tausret's reign during New Kingdom period.
Queen Cleopatra's life is explored in a Netflix docuseries by the same name. The Egyptian queen had at least 2 husbands and famous lovers. Here's what to know:
Forming the backbone of Egyptian chronology are the regnal years as recorded in Ancient Egyptian king lists. Surviving king lists are either comprehensive but have significant gaps in their text (for example, the Turin King List ), or are textually complete but fail to provide a complete list of rulers (for example, the Abydos King List and the ...
Cleopatra, born in 69 B.C., was crowned the queen of Egypt at just 18-years-old upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII. Together, her and her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII ruled Egypt.