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Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) or conditioned pain modulation (CPM) refers to an endogenous pain modulatory pathway which has often been described as "pain inhibits pain". [1] It occurs when response from a painful stimulus is inhibited by another, often spatially distant, noxious stimulus.
[1] [2] PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain. The periaqueductal gray is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It projects to the nucleus raphe magnus, and also contains
It thus complements the classical serotonergic-opioid peptide descending pain-inhibiting system: whereas the serotonergic-opioid peptide pathway ultimately pre-synaptically inhibits first-order nociceptive group C neurons, the DLPRF inhibits - by way of presumably GABAergic inhibitory interneurons - the second-order neurons of the ascending ...
Most (85%) second-order axons arising from sensory C first-order fibers ascend in the spinoreticular tract - it is consequently responsible for transmitting "slow", dull, poorly-localised pain. By projecting to the reticular activating system (RAS) , the tract also mediates arousal/alertness (including wakefulness) in response to noxious ...
Propriospinal tracts are three tracts, collections of nerve fibers ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. They are located in the white columns of the spinal cord where the columns meet the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are located closer and longer fibers further from the gray.
Descending fibers arise in the hypothalamus to project directly or indirectly onto autonomic nuclei and lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord; the descending component is involved in controlling chewing, swallowing, salivation and gastrointestinal secretory function, and shivering.
The gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. In the top panel, the nonnociceptive, large-diameter sensory fiber (orange) is more active than the nociceptive small-diameter fiber (blue), therefore the net input ...
The posterolateral tract contains centrally projecting axons from dorsal root ganglion cells carrying peripheral pain and temperature information (location, intensity and quality). These axons enter the spinal column and penetrate the grey matter of the dorsal horn, where they synapse on second-order neurons in either the substantia gelatinosa ...