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Panayiotopoulos syndrome (named after C. P. Panayiotopoulos) is a common idiopathic childhood-related seizure disorder that occurs exclusively in otherwise normal children (idiopathic epilepsy) and manifests mainly with autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus. [1]
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
PNES episodes can be difficult to distinguish from epileptic seizures without the use of long-term video EEG monitoring. Some characteristics which may distinguish PNES from epileptic seizures include gradual onset, out-of-phase limb movement (in which left and right extremities jerk asynchronously or in opposite directions, as opposed to ...
In another study, 39% of children referred to a tertiary epilepsy centre did not have epilepsy, with staring episodes in intellectually disabled children as the most common alternative. [6] In adults, the figures are similar, with one study reporting a 26% rate of misdiagnosis.
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizures).
"The Sound of Silence" is the ninth episode and the mid-season premiere of the twelfth season of the American medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, and the 254th episode overall. Written by Stacy McKee and directed by Denzel Washington, the episode aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on February 11, 2016.
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition with abnormally prolonged seizures, and which can have long-term consequences [3], manifesting as a single seizure lasting more than a defined time (time point 1), or 2 or more seizures over the same period without the person returning to normal between them.
These episodes can result in physical injuries, either directly, such as broken bones, or through causing accidents. [1] In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and may have no detectable underlying cause. [11] Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy. [12]