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Layer 8 is a term used to refer to user or political layer on top of the 7-layer OSI model of computer networking. [1] [2] The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers. The layers build upon each other, allowing for the abstraction of specific functions in each one.
In 1992 the Internet Society (ISOC) was founded, with a mission to "assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world". [28] Its members include individuals (anyone may join) as well as corporations, organizations, governments, and universities.
Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World is a 2006 book by Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu that assesses efforts to control the Internet. [ 1 ] Starting with a discussion of ideas for creating a borderless global community, the authors explore individuals, ideas and movements that affected the development of the Internet.
Increased government control of the Internet would put limits on the content I can access. 9,717 77% somewhat or strongly agree, 18% somewhat or strongly disagree, 4% don't know / not applicable Increased government control of the Internet would limit my freedom of expression. 9,717 74% somewhat or strongly agree, 23% somewhat or strongly disagree,
The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably; it is common to speak of "going on the Internet" when using a web browser to view web pages. However, the World Wide Web, or the Web, is only one of a large number of Internet services, [19] a collection of documents (web pages) and other web resources linked by hyperlinks ...
The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport network packets from the originating host across network boundaries; if necessary, to the destination host specified by an IP address.
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Thus, networks using these protocols can exhibit two stable states under the same level of load. The stable state with low throughput is known as congestive collapse . Modern networks use congestion control , congestion avoidance and traffic control techniques where endpoints typically slow down or sometimes even stop transmission entirely when ...