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Main antinuclear antibody patterns on immunofluorescence [1] Homogeneous immunofluorescence staining pattern of double stranded DNA antibodies on HEp-20-10 cells. Interphase cells show homogeneous nuclear staining while mitotic cells show staining of the condensed chromosome regions.
EIA (enzyme immunoassay) detects antibodies using a DNA-coated polystyrene microtitre plate. The DNA used in these assays is often recombinant dsDNA or from calf thymus extract. [29] Upon incubation with serum containing anti-dsDNA antibodies, the antibodies will bind to the DNA and can then be visualised using enzyme-linked secondary antibodies.
Anti-histone antibodies can be clinically detected using an ELISA assay. A blood sample is required for the test. [9] [5] Indirect immunofluorescence can also be used to detect anti-histone antibodies. Homogeneous, diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA. [4]
Immunofluorescence pattern of SS-A and SS-B antibodies. Produced using serum from a patient on HEp-20-10 cells with a FITC conjugate. Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro, or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro, anti-Ro/SSA, anti–SS-A/Ro, and anti-Ro/SS-A) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with ...
Immunofluorescence staining pattern of sp100 antibodies. Nuclear dots can be seen in the nucleus of the cells. Produced using serum from a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis on HEp-20-10 cells with a FITC conjugate. These, or similar, bodies have been found increased in the presence of lymphoid cancers [25] [26] and SLE (lupus). [27]
An extractable nuclear antigen panel, or an ENA panel, tests for presence of autoantibodies in the blood that react with proteins in the cell nucleus.It is usually done as a follow-up to a positive antinuclear antibody test and when one is showing symptoms of an autoimmune disorder.
The proximity extension assay (PEA) is a method for detecting and quantifying the amount of many specific proteins present in a biological sample such as serum or plasma. [1] The method is used in the research field of proteomics , specifically affinity proteomics, [ 2 ] where in one searches for differences in the abundance of many specific ...
Immunofluorescence staining pattern of anti-Sp100 antibodies on HEp-20-10 cells. Two proteins, Sp100 and promyelocytic leukemia factor are localized to punctate domains in the nucleus (nuclear dots or nuclear bodies). These domains (few to 20) were found to form a donut-shaped structure when cells were starved of amino acids.