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In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. The concept of redirection is quite old, dating back to the earliest operating systems (OS).
Makes named pipes (FIFOs) mknod: Makes block or character special files: mktemp: Creates a temporary file or directory mv: Moves files or rename files realpath: Returns the resolved absolute or relative path for a file rm: Removes (deletes) files, directories, device nodes and symbolic links rmdir: Removes empty directories shred
An important aspect of this, setting Unix pipes apart from other pipe implementations, is the concept of buffering: for example a sending program may produce 5000 bytes per second, and a receiving program may only be able to accept 100 bytes per second, but no data is lost. Instead, the output of the sending program is held in the buffer.
[2] dup3() was formally added to Linux kernel version 2.6.27 (glibc support is available on version 2.9 and above). int dup ( int oldfd ); int dup2 ( int oldfd , int newfd ); The former allocates the first available descriptor, just like open() behaves; an alternative way to duplicate a file descriptor to an unspecified place is the fcntl ...
Unix/Linux systems may offer other tools support using progress indicators from scripts or as standalone-commands, such as the program "pv". [52] These are not integrated features of the shells, however. PowerShell has a built-in command and API functions (to be used when authoring commands) for writing/updating a progress bar.
The command can be used to capture intermediate output before the data is altered by another command or program. The tee command reads standard input, then writes its content to standard output. It simultaneously copies the data into the specified file(s) or variables. The syntax differs depending on the command's implementation.
Named pipe, an operating system construct intermediate to anonymous pipe and file. Pipeline (computing) for other computer-related versions of the concept. Kahn process networks to extend the pipeline concept to a more generic directed graph structure; Pipeline (Unix) for details specific to Unix; Plumber – "intelligent pipes" developed as ...
Between the server and the application, there may be one or more WSGI middleware components, which implement both sides of the API, typically in Python code. WSGI does not specify how the Python interpreter should be started, nor how the application object should be loaded or configured, and different frameworks and webservers achieve this in ...