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Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus. [5] Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, but fewer than 50 percent of affected women have both of these symptoms. [1]
A similar physical sign had been described by Carl von Fernwald Braun. [2] It comes from an era when laboratory tests for pregnancy had not been developed, but experience gained in pelvic examination during early pregnancy by western gynecologists led them to publish their physical findings, allowing clinical diagnosis of pregnancy. [ 3 ]
The ectopic testis can be in the perineal region, the opposite side of the scrotum, the suprapubic region, the femoral region, or in the superficial inguinal pouch. [1]The ectopic testis is initially normal, but if it is ignored after childhood, it may become small and soft, with spermatogenesis arresting and interstitial cell proliferation occurring.
The extraction of the deciduous canine may encourage the ectopic permanent canine to erupt. This interceptive treatment is recommended for children aged 10–13 with normal physiological spacing. This is supported by the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCS Eng) guidelines; based primarily on 2 studies: A case series, with no control group [20]
Ectopic ureter (or ureteral ectopia) is a medical condition where the ureter, rather than terminating at the urinary bladder, terminates at a different site. [1] [2] In males this site is usually the urethra, in females this is usually the urethra or vagina. [3]
Ectopia cordis results from a failure of proper maturation of midline mesoderm and ventral body wall (chest) formation during embryonic development. [2] The exact etiology remains unknown, but abnormalities in the lateral body wall folds are believed to be involved.
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
An accessory salivary gland is ectopic salivary gland tissue with a salivary gland duct system. [3] The most common location of accessory salivary gland tissue is an extra major salivary gland in front of the parotid gland.