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Other common synthetic materials for cranioplasty include titanium and hydroxyapatite. Titanium was first used for cranioplasty in 1965. [2] It can be used as a plate or a mesh and be 3D printed as a porous form. [19] Titanium is non-ferromagnetic and non-corrosive, making the host free from inflammatory reactions. [1]
For this procedure, there are two ways to start: with a free graft repair or with a vascularized flap repair. The free grafts use secondary material like cadaver flaps or titanium mesh to repair the skull base defects, which is very successful (95% without CSF leaks) with small CSF fistulas or small defects. [12]
A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or traumatic brain injury, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as deep brain ...
Alloplasty is a surgical procedure performed to substitute and repair defects within the body with the use of synthetic material. [1] It can also be performed in order to bridge wounds . [ 1 ] The process of undergoing alloplasty involves the construction of an alloplastic graft through the use of computed tomography ( CT ), rapid prototyping ...
Titanium is considered the most biocompatible metal due to its resistance to corrosion from bodily fluids, bio-inertness, capacity for osseointegration, and high fatigue limit. Titanium's ability to withstand the harsh bodily environment is a result of the protective oxide film that forms naturally in the presence of oxygen.
Decompressive craniectomy (crani-+ -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling or herniating brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury , stroke , Chiari malformation , and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure .
Scalp reconstruction is a surgical procedure for people with scalp defects. Scalp defects may be partial or full thickness and can be congenital or acquired. Because not all layers of the scalp are elastic and the scalp has a convex shape, the use of primary closure is limited.
Reconstruction is usually performed with a titanium mesh or porous polyethylene through a transconjunctival or subciliary incision. More recently, there has been success with endoscopic , or minimally invasive, approaches.
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