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Sailing on a course as close to the wind as possible—approximately 45°—is termed beating, a point of sail when the sails are close-hauled. At 90° off the wind, a craft is on a beam reach. The point of sail between beating and a beam reach is called a close reach. At 135° off the wind, a craft is on a broad reach.
Garrett demonstrates how those diagrams translate into lift and drag, for a given sail, on different points of sail, in diagrams similar to these: [33] Polar diagrams, showing lift ( L ), drag ( D ), total aerodynamic force ( F T ), forward driving force ( F R ), and lateral force ( F LAT ) for upwind points of sail
English: Points of sail. The arrow represents the direction of the wind. The red is the "no sail zone" because it is impossible to sail into the wind. A. No Go Zone — 0-30° B. Close Hauled — 30-50° C. Beam Reach — 90° D. Broad Reach — ~135° E. Running — 180°
Sail components include the features that define a sail's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may be classified in a variety of ways, including by its orientation to the vessel (e.g. fore-and-aft) and its shape, (e.g. (a)symmetrical, triangular, quadrilateral, etc.).
Naming all 32 points on the rose is called "boxing the compass". The 32-point rose has 11 1 ⁄ 4 ° between points, but is easily found by halving divisions and may have been easier for those not using a 360° circle. Eight points make a right angle and a point is easy to estimate allowing bearings to be given such as "two points off the ...
5.2.2.2.2 Sail anatomy. 6 Sailing vessel design and physics. Toggle Sailing vessel design and physics subsection. 6.1 Stability of sailing vessels. 7 Sailing activity.
Automatically labeled nautical chart. Nautical charts must be labeled with navigational and depth information. There are a few commercial software packages that do automatic label placement for any kind of map or chart. Modern systems render electronic charts consistent with the IHO S-52 specification, issued by the International Hydrographic ...
To calculate on a portolan chart the course to follow from a point of origin to a point of destination, one should transfer — using a parallel rule — the "line of course" drawn from the point of origin to the point of destination, on top of the windrose line on the compass rose closest to the ship's position, obtaining on it the theoretical course to be followed when sailing towards the ...