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Botany, also called plant science or phytology, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially their anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology. [1] A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field.
In seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), the sporophyte forms most of the visible plant, and the gametophyte is very small. Flowering plants reproduce sexually using flowers, which contain male and female parts: these may be within the same ( hermaphrodite ) flower, on different flowers on the same plant , or on different plants .
In some species of plants, the flowers are imperfect or unisexual: having only either male (stamen) or female (carpel) parts. If unisexual male and female flowers appear on the same plant, the species is called monoecious. [27] However, if an individual plant is either female or male, the species is called dioecious.
Greek mythology mentions many plants and flowers, [62] where for example the lotus tree bears a fruit that causes a pleasant drowsiness, [63] while moly is a magic herb mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey with a black root and white blossoms. [64]
Botany is a natural science concerned with the study of plants.The main branches of botany (also referred to as "plant science") are commonly divided into three groups: core topics, concerned with the study of the fundamental natural phenomena and processes of plant life, the classification and description of plant diversity; applied topics which study the ways in which plants may be used for ...
Flower under natural light (left) and under ultraviolet light (right) showing the nectar guides which are not visible to the human eye. The corolla is the inner whorl of the perianth and the one that surrounds the fertile whorls of the flower. It is composed of petals, which are generally larger than the sepals and are colored.
An exotic plant that appears with no apparent human assistance but does not develop a sustained population(s), or one that persists only by repeated new introductions. Compare alien. cataphyll Any plant structure which is morphologically a leaf but which has at most an incidental or transient photosynthetic function. They are either shed when ...
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
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