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Cooling water system – 16,600 m 3 /h circulation rate. Water De-mineralizing plant – 120 m 3 /h capacity. Nitrogen plant – 650 Nm 3 /h of gaseous nitrogen and equivalent 50 Nm 3 /h of liquid nitrogen. Instrument Air Compressor with Instrument Air drier – 1,500 Nm 3 /h capacity.
For trout, stocking rates of 30 to 50 kg/m 3 are normal at the end of a rearing cycle, while for marine species, such as sea bass and sea bream, the achievable load is lower, between 15 and 20 kg/m 3. The total volume required for a raceway is calculated by dividing the total amount of fish in kg by the desired stocking rate in kg per m 3. [17]
Reoxygenating the system water is a crucial part to obtaining high production densities. Fish require oxygen to metabolize food and grow, as do bacteria communities in the biofilter. Dissolved oxygen levels can be increased through two methods, aeration and oxygenation. In aeration air is pumped through an air stone or similar device that ...
A maize crop yielding 6–9 tonnes of grain per hectare (2.5 acres) requires 31–50 kilograms (68–110 lb) of phosphate fertilizer to be applied; soybean crops require about half, 20–25 kg per hectare. [21] Yara International is the world's largest producer of nitrogen-based fertilizers. [22]
It is possible to farm it in 100% seawater and directly connect its cultivation system to an aquaculture system for a wide range of fish species. [2] Common ice plant is known to accumulate high levels of heavy metals when grown in soil. This new system enables the farming of safe-to-eat organic ice plant by removing it from this environment. [2]
[15] [16] Hundreds of kilos of fish and oysters cultured here were sold. Researchers also quantified the water quality parameters and nutrient budgets in (5 kg fish m −3) green water seabream ponds. [15] [17] The phytoplankton generally maintained reasonable water quality and converted on average over half the waste nitrogen into algal biomass.
Organic nutrients increase the abundance of soil organisms by providing organic matter and micronutrients for organismal relationships such as fungal mycorrhiza, [47] (which aid plants in absorbing nutrients), and can drastically reduce external inputs of pesticides, energy and fertilizer, at the cost of decreased yield.
Adding urea to the ocean can cause phytoplankton blooms that serve as a food source for zooplankton and in turn feed for fish. This may increase fish catches. [ 54 ] However, if cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates dominate phytoplankton assemblages that are considered poor quality food for fish then the increase in fish quantity may not be large ...