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Aristolochia (English: / ə ˌ r ɪ s t ə ˈ l oʊ k i ə /) is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae.Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse climates.
Aristolochia grandiflora has been used for ornamental purposes, as a food source, and in traditional medicine. A. grandiflora is a food source for swallowtail butterfly larvae. These butterflies become unpalatable to predators when they consume the terpenes in this plant.
Aristolochia indica flower Arsitolochia indica - flower. This plant contains aristolochic acid, a carcinogen also found in various Aristolochia and Asarum plants, both in the family Aristolochiaceae. Aristolochic acid is composed of an about 1:1 mixture of two forms, aristolochic acid I and aristolochic acid II.
Aristolochic acid poisoning was first diagnosed at a clinic in Brussels, Belgium, when cases of nephritis leading to rapid kidney failure were seen in a group of women who had all taken the same weight-loss supplement, Aristolochia fangchi, which contained aristolochic acid. [5]
Aristolochia paucinervis is a climbing perennial vine plant that can grow up to heights of 0.5m in the understory of the forest. [7] The plant has simple, smooth, broad leaves 3-5cm wide with a triangular-oval blade shape and palmate veins. [7] [8] This plant possesses a tuber which acts as storage for the plant. [9]
Aristolochia trilobata is a climbing vine species that typically reaches a length of up to three meters. The leaves are characterized by dark green coloration and have three lobes. The bark is coarse, readily sheds, and emits a distinctive, potent odor. [citation needed] In traditional folk medicine, the whole plant is used to create a tea or ...
Aristolochia littoralis is a climbing vine that can reach about 3–4.5 metres (9.8–14.8 ft) in length. The slender stems are woody and the leaves are bright green, cordate, amplexicaul, 7–9 centimetres (2.8–3.5 in) long and 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) wide, forming a dense attractive foliage.
The caterpillars of two butterflies, the common birdwing (Troides helena cerberus) and common rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae), feed on the leaves of this plant.A food plant for the species, Aristolochia tagala has been planted in the Kadoorie Farm and Shan Liu Road in Hong Kong to sustain a healthy population of common birdwings.