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The usual technique for concrete buildings, bridges and similar structures is to use ICCP, [30] but there are systems available that use the principle of galvanic cathodic protection as well, [31] [32] [33] although in the UK at least, the use of galvanic anodes for atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete structures is considered experimental.
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A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
Concrete is used extremely widely in building and civil engineering structures, due to its low cost, flexibility, durability, and high strength. It also has high resistance to fire. Concrete is a non-linear, non-elastic and brittle material. It is strong in compression and very weak in tension. It behaves non-linearly at all times.
Masonry walls have an endothermic effect of its hydrates, as in chemically bound water, unbound moisture from the concrete block, and the poured concrete if the hollow cores inside the blocks are filled. Masonry can withstand temperatures up to 1,000 °F (538 °C) and it can withstand direct exposure to fire for up to 4 hours.
Beam and block is a construction method to support flooring, especially for ground floors as well as multi story buildings. [1] It is made of cast concrete , one piece of which is a prestressed concrete beam , which can be an inverted T-shaped beam, or lintel, the other piece being a simple rectangular block. [ 1 ]
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Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.