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Sociocracy is a theory of governance that seeks to create psychologically safe environments and productive organizations. It draws on the use of consent , rather than majority voting , in discussion and decision-making by people who have a shared goal or work process .
Libertarian socialism strives for a free and equal society, [1] aiming to transform work and everyday life. [2] Broadly defined, libertarian socialism encapsulates any political ideology that favours workers' control of the means of production and the replacement of capitalism with a system of cooperative economics, [3] [4] or common ownership. [5]
For example, production and investment decisions may be semi-planned by the state, but distribution of output may be determined by the market mechanism. State-directed socialism can also refer to technocratic socialism—economic systems that rely on technocratic management and technocratic planning mechanisms, along with public ownership of ...
Sociocracy means rule by the "socius", ie, people who have a social relationship with each other. Democracy means rule by the "demos", i.e., the general mass of people who have not special relationship with each other. So, you can see that social democracy is an oxymoron and doesn't have the same meaning as sociocracy.
Another example involves organizations adopting holacracy or sociocracy, with people at all levels self-organizing their responsibilities; [34] [35] [36] that is, they exercise "real" rather than formal authority. [37] In this respect, responsibility is an expression of self-restraint and intrinsic obligation.
Characterised by its loose definition and ideological diversity, [32] social anarchism has lent itself to syncretism, both drawing from and influencing other ideological critiques of oppression, [33] and giving way to a number of different anarchist schools of thought. [34]
A PDF file is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24]
Boeke's system of sociocracy still survives, and his work was expanded upon through the efforts of a well-known student of Boeke's ideas, Dr. Gerard Endenburg, who in the 1960s and 1970s developed a governance and decision-making methodology by the same name while directing the Endenburg Electrotechniek company.