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A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. It allows for ...
At least one product mixture from the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture's constituents. In some cases, a separation may fully divide the mixture into pure constituents. Separations exploit differences in chemical properties or physical properties (such as size, shape, charge, mass, density, or chemical affinity ...
The rate of dissolution will decrease substantially once it needs to penetrate through the pores of substance A in order to continue targeting substance B. [1] This penetration can often lead to dissolution of substance A, [1] or the product of more than one solute, [10] both unsatisfactory if specific leaching is desired.
It is the most common preparation method in various herbal medicine systems. Decoction involves first drying the plant material; then mashing, slicing, or cutting the material to allow for maximum dissolution; and finally boiling in water to extract oils, volatile organic compounds and other various chemical substances. [1]
Different types of Dissolution Units: A Water-bath unit equipped with USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 - Paddle (Top-left), A amber vessel water bath unit that has been equipped with USP Dissolution Apparatus 1 without baskets being placed on yet (Top-right), and a dissolution unit that uses a heating jacket (bottom)
It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.
A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).
The solvent should be easily separable from the bottom product, and should not react chemically with the components or the mixture, or cause corrosion in the equipment. A classic example to be cited here is the separation of an azeotropic mixture of benzene and cyclohexane, where aniline is one suitable solvent. [2]