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Mātauranga was traditionally preserved through spoken language, including songs, supplemented carving weaving, and painting, including tattoos. [10] Since colonisation, mātauranga has been preserved and shared through writing, first by non-Māori anthropologists and missionaries, then by Māori.
From about the 1980s the word tikanga began to appear in common New Zealand English. This can be attributed to the Māori renaissance as well as acts of the New Zealand government including the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 and the Resource Management Act (1991) that include the need for separate consultation with local iwi (tribal) representatives.
Overnight on the 4–5 February the original English version of the treaty was translated into Māori. [49] On the morning of 5 February the Māori and English versions of the treaty were put before a gathering [58] of northern chiefs inside a large marquee on the lawn in front of Busby's house at Waitangi. [59]
James Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic.He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influential and important writers of the 20th century.
The date of first arrival and settlement is a matter of debate. [28] There may have been some exploration and settlement before the eruption of Mount Tarawera (c. 1315), based on finds of bones from Polynesian rats and rat-gnawed shells, [29] and evidence of widespread forest fires in the decade or so prior.
The Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 introduced the phrase "principles of the Treaty of Waitangi". It is found twice in the long title, in the preamble, and in Section 6(1), which provides for the Waitangi Tribunal to inquire into claims by Māori that they are prejudicially affected by Crown acts (or omissions) that are inconsistent with the principles of the treaty. [2]
Modern depiction of Rangiteaorere at Tikitere. [1]Rangiteaorere was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Te Arawa confederation of tribes and ancestor of Ngāti Rangiteaorere.He grew up at Te Teko in the Bay of Plenty and travelled to Lake Rotorua to find his father in adulthood.
In the English text of Article 1 of the treaty, the Māori signatories cede their sovereignty to the British Crown. For the Māori text, since there was no direct Māori translation for the idea, the missionary neologism kawanatanga ('governorship') was used to represent the concept of sovereignty.