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Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense. [1] The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction. [medical citation needed]
In internal medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition. For example, multiple sclerosis and malaria often exhibit peaks of activity and sometimes very long periods of dormancy, followed by relapse or recrudescence .
Definitions of status offense vary. A neutral definition may be "[a] type of crime that is not based upon prohibited action or inaction but rests on the fact that the offender has a certain personal condition or is of a specified character."
Prisoner reentry is the process by which prisoners who have been released return to the community. [1] Many types of programs have been implemented with the goal of reducing recidivism and have been found to be effective for this purpose.
A habitual offender, repeat offender, or career criminal is a person convicted of a crime who was previously convicted of other crimes. Various state and jurisdictions may have laws targeting habitual offenders, and specifically providing for enhanced or exemplary punishments or other sanctions.
Growing research associates education with a number of positive outcomes for prisoners, the institution, and society. Although at the time of the ban's enactment there was limited knowledge about the relationship between education and recidivism, there is growing merit to idea that education in prison is a preventative to re-incarceration.
Only 16% of participants reported offering vocational training, [45] and the researchers noted that although risk/need/responsiveness theory has been shown to reduce the risk of recidivism (or committing another crime after being released), it is unknown whether it is incorporated into mental health services in prisons and jails. [46]
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating those who have committed a crime and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address all of the underlying root causes of crime in order to decrease the rate of recidivism once inmates are released from prison. [1]