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  2. Paradox (literature) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_(literature)

    In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas for the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a method of literary composition and analysis that involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence.

  3. List of paradoxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paradoxes

    Therefore, it is not opposite day, but if you say it is a normal day it would be considered a normal day, which contradicts the fact that it has previously been stated that it is an opposite day. Richard's paradox: We appear to be able to use simple English to define a decimal expansion in a way that is self-contradictory.

  4. Paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox

    Although statements can be self referential without being paradoxical ("This statement is written in English" is a true and non-paradoxical self-referential statement), self-reference is a common element of paradoxes. One example occurs in the liar paradox, which is commonly formulated as the self-referential statement "This statement is false ...

  5. Grelling–Nelson paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grelling–Nelson_paradox

    The Grelling–Nelson paradox arises from the question of whether the term "non-self-descriptive" is self-descriptive. It was formulated in 1908 by Kurt Grelling and Leonard Nelson, and is sometimes mistakenly attributed to the German philosopher and mathematician Hermann Weyl [1] thus occasionally called Weyl's paradox or Grelling's paradox.

  6. Paradoxes of material implication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxes_of_material...

    If natural language conditionals were understood in the same way, that would mean that the sentence "If the Nazis had won World War Two, everybody would be happy" is vacuously true. Given that such problematic consequences follow from a seemingly correct assumption about logic, they are called paradoxes .

  7. Moore's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_paradox

    Since Jaakko Hintikka's seminal treatment of the problem, [7] it has become standard to present Moore's paradox by explaining why it is absurd to assert sentences that have the logical form: "P and NOT(I believe that P)" or "P and I believe that NOT-P." Philosophers refer to these, respectively, as the omissive and commissive versions of Moore's paradox.

  8. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

    In English-speaking countries, they have integrative motivation, the desire to learn the language to fit into an English-language culture. They are more likely to want to integrate because they 1. Generally have more friends and family with English language skills. 2. Have immediate financial and economic incentives to learn English. 3.

  9. Temporal paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_paradox

    A bootstrap paradox, also known as an information loop, an information paradox, [6] an ontological paradox, [7] or a "predestination paradox" is a paradox of time travel that occurs when any event, such as an action, information, an object, or a person, ultimately causes itself, as a consequence of either retrocausality or time travel.