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As a non-Biblical source, Jewish historian Josephus also recounts that Herod had John imprisoned and killed due to "the great influence John had over the people", which might persuade John "to raise a rebellion". Josephus also writes that many of the Jews believed that Herod's later military disaster was God's punishment for his treatment of John.
The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not reached complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events that may meet at least one of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, [note 1] the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.
John the Evangelist [a] (c. 6 AD – c. 100 AD) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John.Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, [2] although there is no consensus on how many of these may actually be the same individual.
John the Evangelist and Peter by Albrecht Dürer (1526) John is always mentioned in the group of the first four apostles in the Gospels and in the Book of Acts, listed either second, [30] third [31] or fourth. [32] [33] John, along with his brother James and Peter, formed an informal triumvirate among the Twelve Apostles in the Gospels.
Polycarp of Smyrna quotes about the "antichrist" in his Epistle to the Phillipians 7:1, a sure reference from the letters of John because the antichrist doctrine is not found in the textual record before the Johannine letters. Justin Martyr also alludes to ideas in John, though this reference is not certain, so the dating of John is not settled.
Traditionally, this was often believed to be the same person as John the Apostle (John, son of Zebedee), one of the apostles of Jesus, to whom the Gospel of John was also attributed. [8] The early-2nd-century writer, Justin Martyr, was the first to equate the author of Revelation with John the Evangelist. [9] [citation needed]
A distinction between martyrs and confessors is traceable to the latter part of the second century: those only were martyrs who had suffered the extreme penalty, whereas the title of confessor was given to Christians who had shown their willingness to die for their belief, by bravely enduring imprisonment or torture, but were not put to death ...
The Young's Literal Translation of the Bible translates it this way. [13] It is also possible it refers to an individual but simply does not use her name. [11] One theory is that the letter refers to Mary, mother of Jesus; Jesus had entrusted his "beloved disciple" with Mary's life when Jesus was on the cross (John 19:26–27).
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