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The status of women in Spain has evolved from the country's earliest history, culture, and social norms. Throughout the late 20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, to a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental
The legal status for women in many cases reverted to that stipulated in the Napoleonic Code that had first been installed in Spanish law in 1889. [6] The post Civil War period saw the return of laws that effectively made wards of women. They were dependent on husbands, fathers and brothers to work outside the house.
Irene Montero, Minister of Equality and a promoter of the law, said that the reduced sentences were because of sexist judges. [13] The CGPJ rejected this statement. [8] The Supreme Court of Spain upheld the reduced sentences as legal in December 2022, as it is "obligatory" to apply a new law retroactively if it is beneficial to the convict. [14]
With some small towns excepted, the law requires political parties to field female candidates in at least 40% of the seats they contest. [2] The law also grants 15 days of paternity leave to new fathers. The April 2019 Spanish general election resulted in women comprising 47% of elected members of parliament. [3]
Prostitution was tolerated in Spain throughout the mediaeval period, until the 17th century and the reign of Phillip IV (1621–65) whose 1623 decree closed the mancebías (brothels) forcing the women out into the street, a very unpopular decision, but one that remained in place till the 19th century.
The age of consent is the age at which a person is considered to be legally competent to consent to sexual acts and is thus the minimum age of a person with whom another person is legally permitted to engage in sexual activity.
Human rights in Spain are set out in the 1978 Spanish constitution. Sections 6 and 7 guarantees the right to create and operate political parties and trade unions so long as they respect the Constitution and the law.
The Spanish nationality legal framework refers to all the laws, provisions, regulations, and resolutions in Spain concerning nationality.. Article 11 of the First Title of the Spanish Constitution refers to Spanish nationality and establishes that a separate law is to regulate how it is acquired and lost. [1]