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For reflector systems D2S P32d-2 85 V / 35 W For projector systems D3R PK32d-6 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free Integral ignitor For reflector systems D3S PK32d-5 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free Integral ignitor For projector systems D4R P32d-6 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free For reflector systems D4S P32d-5 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free For projector systems D5S PK32d-[7]
Although composite headlight assemblies became widely used only in the 1980s, their bulky construction which utilized parabolic reflectors didn't allow for the freedom to create intricate designs. With an increasing use of less cumbersome projector lenses in the 2000s, automakers could implement innovative headlamp designs, including halo rings.
As with the case of LED MR lamps, LED PAR lamps generally use an array of individual LED elements that are unsuitable for reflector operation. Nevertheless, some degree of beam control can be obtained with aperture or lens, and LED PAR 38 replacements with a 40° spread is common. Models built for stage lighting may use less similar dimensions.
In North America, the 2000 Cadillac Deville was the first passenger car with LED taillights. [144] The 2002 Kia Opirus was an early adopter of LED front turn signals. [145] The 2007 Audi R8 used two strips of optically focused high-intensity LEDs for its daytime running lights.
A light source (filament or arc) is placed at or near the focus of a reflector, which may be parabolic or of non-parabolic complex shape. Fresnel and prism optics moulded into the headlamp lens refract (shift) parts of the light laterally and vertically to provide the required light distribution pattern. Most sealed-beam headlamps have lens optics.
A rear reflector on a bicycle Reflecting device on horse. A safety reflector is a retroreflector intended for pedestrians, runners, motorized and non-motorized vehicles. A safety reflector is similar to reflective stripes that can be found on safety vests and clothing worn by road workers and rescue workers. They are sometimes erroneously ...
Left to right: MR16 with GU10 base, MR16 with GU5.3 base, MR11 with GU4 or GZ4 base Line drawing of an LED MR16 lamp, with a heatsink rather than a reflector. A multifaceted reflector (often abbreviated MR) light bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen as well as some LED and fluorescent lamps.
Fixed-mount lamps are used in indoor and outdoor flood lighting, although improvements in LED systems are displacing halogen lamps. Round spotlights with built-in multifaceted reflector lamps are widely used in residential and commercial lighting. Tubular halogen lamps provide a large quantity of light from a small source and so can be used to ...