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Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [ note 1 ] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases .
The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy .
Hydrogen fluoride does not boil until 20 °C in contrast to the heavier hydrogen halides, which boil between −85 °C (−120 °F) and −35 °C (−30 °F). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] This hydrogen bonding between HF molecules gives rise to high viscosity in the liquid phase and lower than expected pressure in the gas phase.
Fluoride (/ ˈ f l ʊər aɪ d, ˈ f l ɔːr-/) [3] is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F − (also written [F] −), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless.
Fluorine condenses to a bright yellow liquid at −188 °C (−307 °F), [5] which is near the condensation temperatures of oxygen and nitrogen. The solid state of fluorine relies on Van der Waals forces to hold molecules together, [ citation needed ] which, because of the small size of the fluorine molecules, are relatively weak.
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive.A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
2 CoF 2 + F 2 → 2 CoF 3. Industrially, both steps are combined, for example in the manufacture of the Flutec range of fluorocarbons by F2 chemicals Ltd, using a vertical stirred bed reactor, with hydrocarbon introduced at the bottom, and fluorine introduced halfway up the reactor. The fluorocarbon vapor is recovered from the top.
Fluorene / ˈ f l ʊər iː n /, or 9H-fluorene is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 4) 2 CH 2. It forms white crystals that exhibit a characteristic, aromatic odor similar to that of naphthalene. Despite its name, it does not contain the element fluorine, but rather it comes from the violet fluorescence it exhibits.