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Praxis is an activity unique to man, which distinguishes him from all other beings. [8] The concept appears in two of Marx's early works: the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the Theses on Feuerbach (1845). [5]
Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the separation and estrangement of people from their work, their wider world, their human nature, and their selves. Alienation is a consequence of the division of labour in a capitalist society, wherein a human being's life is lived as a mechanistic part of a social class .
For Marx, the non-reflexive habituating praxis leads to false consciousness and alienation. Mihailo Marković expanded on the concept of praxis, identifying key elements such as creativity, autonomy, sociality, rationality, and intentionality. These moments of praxis offer alternatives to sameness, subordination, massification, blind reaction ...
Self-estrangement is the idea conceived by Karl Marx in Marx's theory of alienation and Melvin Seeman in his five logically distinct psychological states that encompasses alienation. [1] As spoken by Marx, self-estrangement is "the alienation of man's essence, man's loss of objectivity and his loss of realness as self-discovery, manifestation ...
Marx's ideas have had a profound impact on world politics and intellectual thought, [6] [7] [266] [267] in particular in the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution. [268] Followers of Marx have often debated among themselves over how to interpret Marx's writings and apply his concepts to the modern world. [269]
In any case, it has proved difficult to adapt Marx's economic concepts, which refer to social relations, to measurable aggregated stocks and flows. In recent decades, a loose "quantitative" school of Marxist economists has emerged. While it may be impossible to find exact measures of Marx's variables from price data, approximations of basic ...
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Nevertheless, here is a selection of the best writing prior to 1978. Much of it addresses human nature through the strongly related concept of alienation: Erich Fromm, Marx's Concept of Man. With a Translation of Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts by T. B. Bottomore, (1961). Eugene Kamenka, The Ethical Foundations of Marxism (1962).
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