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Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory.
Active Directory extends the LDAP specification by adding the same type of access-control list mechanism as Windows NT uses for the NTFS filesystem. Windows 2000 then extended the syntax for access-control entries such that they could not only grant or deny access to entire LDAP objects, but also to individual attributes within these objects. [18]
Ambiguous Name Resolution (ANR) is a feature available in Microsoft's Active Directory which allows resolution of multiple objects on a computer network based on limited input. The user will be able to select the correct entry from these results. To allow this feature to operate, attributes need to be ANR enabled in the directory schema.
Attribute values can be set-valued or atomic-valued. Set-valued attributes contain more than one atomic value. Examples are role and project. Atomic-valued attributes contain only one atomic value. Examples are clearance and sensitivity. Attributes can be compared to static values or to one another, thus enabling relation-based access control.
attributes is a comma-separated list of attributes to retrieve. scope specifies the search scope and can be "base" (the default), "one" or "sub". filter is a search filter. For example, (objectClass=*) as defined in RFC 4515. extensions are extensions to the LDAP URL format.
Note: the "-" character between each attribute change is required. Also note that each directory entry ends with a "-" followed by a blank line. The final "-" is required by Microsoft's LDIFDE tool, but not needed by most ldif implementations. This is an example of an LDIF file that adds a telephone number to an existing user:
A security principal has a single SID for life (in a given domain), and all properties of the principal, including its name, are associated with the SID. This design allows a principal to be renamed (for example, from "Jane Smith" to "Jane Jones") without affecting the security attributes of objects that refer to the principal.
Computers inside an Active Directory domain can be assigned into organizational units according to location, organizational structure, or other factors. In the original Windows Server Domain system (shipped with Windows NT 3.x/4), machines could only be viewed in two states from the administration tools; computers detected (on the network), and ...