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Godshall et al. further identified the similar value of ternary compound lithium-transition metal-oxides such as the spinel LiMn 2 O 4, Li 2 MnO 3, LiMnO 2, LiFeO 2, LiFe 5 O 8, and LiFe 5 O 4 (and later lithium-copper-oxide and lithium-nickel-oxide cathode materials in 1985) [27] Godshall et al. patent U.S. patent 4,340,652 [28] for the use of ...
Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are secondary lithium metal batteries. They have metallic lithium as a negative electrode. The high specific capacity of lithium metal (3,860 mAh g −1), very low redox potential (−3.040 V versus standard hydrogen electrode) and low density (0.59 g cm −3) make it the ideal negative material for high ...
Lithium-ion battery Curve of price and capacity of lithium-ion batteries over time; the price of these batteries declined by 97% in three decades. Lithium is the alkali metal with lowest density and with the greatest electrochemical potential and energy-to-weight ratio .
Lithium metal is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is silvery-white. In air it oxidizes to lithium oxide. [10] Its melting point of 180.50 °C (453.65 K; 356.90 °F) [13] and its boiling point of 1,342 °C (1,615 K; 2,448 °F) [13] are each the highest of all the alkali metals while its density of 0.534 g/cm 3 is the lowest.
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
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Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt with the general formula LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles , acting as the positively charged cathode .
He also invented the first rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB), patented in 1977 and assigned to Exxon for commercialization in small devices and electric vehicles. Whittingham's rechargeable lithium metal battery is based on a LiAl anode and an intercalation-type TiS 2 cathode. His work on lithium batteries laid the foundation for others ...