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Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere , a solidified division of Earth 's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle . [ 1 ]
An Earth mass (denoted as M 🜨, M ♁ or M E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth.The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is M 🜨 = 5.9722 × 10 24 kg, with a relative uncertainty of 10 −4. [2]
The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).
The mass of Earth is about 6 ... Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometres (3.1–43.5 mi) [7] in depth and is the outermost layer. [8]
2% of Earth's Mass May Be Debris From the Massive Collision That Formed the Moon. Darren Orf. November 6, 2023 at 11:14 AM ... Deep below the Earth’s crust, along the mantle-core boundary, are ...
Other elements occur at less than 0.15%. For a full list, see abundance of elements in Earth's crust. The graph at right illustrates the relative atomic-abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust—the part that is relatively accessible for measurements and estimation.
10-mile crust, only igneous rocks. (i.e. exclude hydrosphere and atmosphere) "The earth's crust" in Clarke and Washington works can mean two different things: (a) The whole outer part of Earth, i.e. lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere; (b) Only the lithosphere, which in their works just meant "the rocky crust of the earth". "Crust" here ...
Zealandia, Earth’s eighth continent, was mostly lost to the sea. Geologists say they’ve now mapped the entirety of the underwater land mass.