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A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" (C max), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time. It is widely used in clinical trials for newer medicines to investigate therapeutic effectiveness and safety.
Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...
C max is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose. [1] It is a standard measurement in pharmacokinetics.
In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) is the definite integral of the concentration of a drug in blood plasma as a function of time (this can be done using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [1]).
Trough (geology), a long depression less steep than a trench; Trough (meteorology), an elongated region of low atmospheric pressure; Trough (physics), the lowest point on a wave; Trough level (medicine), the lowest concentration of a medicine is present in the body over time; Langmuir-Blodgett trough, a laboratory instrument
A trough is an elongated area of lower air pressure. Since pressure is closely linked to wind, there are often changes in wind direction across a trough. If a trough forms in the mid-latitudes, a temperature difference at some distance between the two sides of the trough usually exists and the trough might become a weather front at some
Peak-to-peak amplitude (abbreviated p–p or PtP or PtoP) is the change between peak (highest amplitude value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative). With appropriate circuitry, peak-to-peak amplitudes of electric oscillations can be measured by meters or by viewing the waveform on an oscilloscope .
Depending on context, wave height may be defined in different ways: For a sine wave, the wave height H is twice the amplitude (i.e., the peak-to-peak amplitude): [1] =.; For a periodic wave, it is simply the difference between the maximum and minimum of the surface elevation z = η(x – c p t): [1] = {()} {()}, with c p the phase speed (or propagation speed) of the wave.