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Islamic Golden Age brass astrolabe Brass lectern with an eagle. Attributed to Aert van Tricht, Limburg (Netherlands), c. 1500.. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, [1] but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 2 ⁄ 3 copper and 1 ⁄ 3 zinc.
Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion . Of the large number of different types, the best known traditional types are bronze , where tin is a significant addition, and brass , using zinc instead.
Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars. Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent. Duralumin ; Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons; Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Gunmetal ingot is a related alloy in which the zinc is replaced by 2% lead; this makes the alloy easier to cast but it has less strength. [2] Modified gunmetal contains lead in addition to the zinc; it is typically composed of 86% copper, 9.5% tin, 2.5% lead, and 2% zinc. It is used for gears and bearings. [2]
Tombac, or tombak, is a brass alloy with high copper content and 5–20% zinc content. [1] Tin, lead or arsenic may be added for colouration. [2] [3] It is a cheap malleable alloy mainly used for medals, ornament, decoration and some munitions. In older use, the term may apply to brass alloy with a zinc content as high as 28–35%. [1] [4]
Gilding metal is a form of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) with a much higher copper content than zinc content. Exact figures range from 95% copper and 5% zinc [1] to “8 parts copper to 1 of zinc” (11% zinc) in British Army Dress Regulations. [2]
Malleable bronze is an alloy of tin and copper containing typically 8% tin. It is a single-phase alloy and can be cold rolled into sheets, unlike bell bronze. It is readily available as commercial sheet metal in many grades and thicknesses. Cymbal bronzes containing 8% tin are most normally called B8 alloy.
Bismuth bronze or bismuth brass is a copper alloy which typically contains 1-3% bismuth by weight, although some alloys contain over 6% Bi. This bronze alloy is very corrosion-resistant, a property which makes it suitable for use in environments such as the ocean.
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